الضروريات الخمس – دراسة تطبيقية في سورة المائدة

Abstract

This study aims to highlight the central significance of the five necessities (al-ḍarūriyyāt al-khams) within the objectives of Islamic law (maqāṣid al-sharīʿah), considering them as the foundation for safeguarding human life, ensuring social stability, and serving as a cornerstone in the development of civilizations. Religious beliefs and values form the overarching framework that shapes human behavior, social norms, and legal systems, while influencing cultural, intellectual, political, and economic dimensions of life. The research focuses on examining how these necessities are manifested in the Qur’ānic discourse, specifically through an applied study of Sūrat al-Māʾidah, which is rich in legislative injunctions related to the protection of the essentials of religion, life, intellect, progeny, and wealth. The study analyzes relevant verses, demonstrates the juristic methods of deriving rulings from them, and contextualizes their application in contemporary settings, thereby providing a practical model for maqāṣid-based interpretation. Furthermore, the research seeks to underscore the compatibility between Islamic principles and modern legal frameworks concerning the protection of human rights, clarifying how the maqāṣid approach can contribute to the development of contemporary legislation and to bridging the relationship between Sharīʿah and positive law.
Through this methodological lens, the study offers a comprehensive maqāṣidī perspective that benefits
scholars, students, and practitioners in both Islamic and legal studies by enhancing their understanding of
how Qur’ānic principles can be actualized in practice. The research concludes with key findings and
recommendations, emphasizing the importance of integrating maqāṣid-oriented approaches in Qur’anic and
juristic studies, and it provides a set of classical and contemporary references to support further academic
inquiry.